Adhesion- The attraction between different kinds of molecules aqueous solution- A solution in which water is the solvent.
buffer- A substance that consists of acid and base in a solution and that minimizes changes
in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution
cohesion- The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
evaporative cooling- The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation,
owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
heat of vaporization- The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
heat- The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form. hydration shell- The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion. hydrogen ion- A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). Joule(J)- A unit of energy
Kinetic energy- the energy of motion Molarity- measure of concentration. Moles / Liters
Mole(mol)- The number (mol) of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight Polar molecule- opposite ends of the molecules have opposite charges
pH- a measure iod the concentration of hydrogen ions
Solute- A substance that is dissolved in a solution. Solvent- the substance that dissolves the solute Solution- A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances. Specific heat- amount of heat necessary for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius
Surface tension- A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
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Attraction of Water
• Attraction between polar molecules
• Attraction is electric
• Slightly positive hydrogen is attracted to the slightly negative oxygen
Four things Water contributes to Earth
• Water’s cohesive behavior
• Ability to stabilize temperature
• Expansion upon freezing
• Versatility as a solvent
Water stabilizes air temperature by absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the stored heat to the air is cooler
Example: An ice cube cools a drink not by adding coldness to the liquid, but by absorbing heat as the ice cube melts
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Water and the Fitness of the Environment
Key words
Adhesion- The attraction between different kinds of molecules
aqueous solution- A solution in which water is the solvent.
buffer- A substance that consists of acid and base in a solution and that minimizes changes
in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution
cohesion- The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds.
evaporative cooling- The property of a liquid whereby the surface becomes cooler during evaporation,
owing to a loss of highly kinetic molecules to the gaseous state.
heat of vaporization- The quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 gram of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state.
heat- The total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
hydration shell- The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.
hydrogen ion- A single proton with a charge of +1. The dissociation of a water molecule (H2O) leads to the generation of a hydroxide ion (OH-) and a hydrogen ion (H+).
Joule(J)- A unit of energy
Kinetic energy- the energy of motion
Molarity- measure of concentration. Moles / Liters
Mole(mol)- The number (mol) of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight
Polar molecule- opposite ends of the molecules have opposite charges
pH- a measure iod the concentration of hydrogen ions
Solute- A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Solvent- the substance that dissolves the solute
Solution- A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more substances.
Specific heat- amount of heat necessary for one gram of a substance to change its temperature by one degree Celsius
Surface tension- A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. Water has a high surface tension because of the hydrogen bonding of surface molecules.
temperature- the average kinetic energy
Chapter Summery
The polarity of water molecules results in hydrogen bonding
Attraction of Water
• Attraction between polar molecules
• Attraction is electric
• Slightly positive hydrogen is attracted to the slightly negative oxygen
Four things Water contributes to Earth
• Water’s cohesive behavior
• Ability to stabilize temperature
• Expansion upon freezing
• Versatility as a solvent
Water stabilizes air temperature by absorbing heat from air that is warmer and releasing the stored heat to the air is cooler
Example: An ice cube cools a drink not by adding coldness to the liquid, but by absorbing heat as the ice cube melts
Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius and boils at 100 degrees Celsius.